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| Blood-Brain Barrier Hemato-Encephalic Barrier | Barrier, Blood-Brain | Barrier, Hemato-Encephalic | Barriers, Blood-Brain | Barriers, Hemato-Encephalic | Blood Brain Barrier | Blood-Brain Barriers | Hemato Encephalic Barrier | Hemato-Encephalic Barriers Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined endothelial cells (tight junctions) that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the brain tissue. | |
| Cerebrovascular Trauma Vascular Injury, Brain | Brain Injury, Vascular | Injury, Vascular, Brain | Vascular Trauma, Brain | Brain Vascular Injury | Brain Vascular Trauma | Injury, Brain Vascular | Injury, Vascular Brain | Trauma, Brain Vascular | Vascular Brain Injury Penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries to an extracranial or intracranial blood vessel that supplies the brain. This includes the CAROTID ARTERIES, vertebral arteries (VERTEBRAL ARTERY), and intracranial arteries, veins, and venous sinuses. | |
| Brain Ischemia Cerebral Ischemia | Ischemic Encephalopathy | Brain Injury, Ischemic | Encephalopathy, Ischemic | Ischemia, Cerebral | Ischemic Brain Injury | Brain Injuries, Ischemic | Brain Ischemias | Cerebral Ischemias | Injury, Ischemic Brain Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obtruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjuction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain | Anoxia-Ischemia, Cerebral | Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy | Brain Anoxia-Ischemia | Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia | Brain Ischemia-Anoxia | Brain Ischemia-Hypoxia | Cerebral Anoxia-Ischemia | Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia A disorder characterized by a reduction in oxygen supply (HYPOXIA) combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain. This condition may result from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | |
| Brain Infarction Venous Infarction, Brain | Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction | Anterior Circulation Brain Infarction | Anterior Circulation Infarction, Brain | Brain Infarction, Anterior Circulation | Brain Infarction, Posterior Circulation The formation of an area of necrosis in the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres (see CEREBRAL INFARCTION), thalami, basal ganglia, brain stem (BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS), or cerebellum secondary to an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. | |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders Brain Vascular Disorders | Intracranial Vascular Disorders | Vascular Diseases, Intracranial | Cerebrovascular Insufficiency | Cerebrovascular Occlusion | Brain Vascular Disorder | Cerebrovascular Disorder | Cerebrovascular Insufficiencies A broad category of disorders characterized by impairment of blood flow in the arteries and veins which supply the brain. These include CEREBRAL INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; HYPOXIA, BRAIN; INTRACRANIAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS; INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; and VASCULITIS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. In common usage, the term cerebrovascular disorders is not limited to conditions that affect the cerebrum, but refers to vascular disorders of the entire brain including the DIENCEPHALON; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | |
| Vasospasm, Intracranial Cerebral Vasospasm | Intracranial Vasospasm | Cerebral Artery Spasm | Cerebrovascular Spasm | Intracranial Vascular Spasm | Artery Spasm, Cerebral | Artery Spasms, Cerebral | Cerebral Artery Spasms | Cerebral Vasospasms | Cerebrovascular Spasms Narrowing of the lumen of one or more intracranial arteries due to contraction of arterial smooth muscle or to morphologic changes of the blood vessel wall. Large blood vessels near the base of the brain are primarily affected and reduced blood flow may result in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN). Vasospasm may be associated with SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other disorders. (From Neurosurg Clin N Am, 1998 Jul;9(3):615-27) | |
| Hypertensive Encephalopathy Encephalopathy, Hypertensive Brain dysfunction or damage resulting from MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION, usually associated with a diastolic blood pressure in excess of 125 mmHg. Clinical manifestations include headache, nausea, emesis, seizures, altered mental status (in some cases progressing to COMA); PAPILLEDEMA; and RETINAL HEMORRHAGE. Focal neurologic signs may develop. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with the formation of ischemic lesions in the brain (BRAIN ISCHEMIA). | |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brain Stem Ischemia, Transient | Cerebral Ischemia, Transient | Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks | Transient Ischemic Attack | Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack | Brain Stem Transient Ischemic Attack | Brain TIA | TIA, Brain Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | |
| Brain Neoplasms Brain Cancer | Brain Tumors | Cancer of Brain | Malignant Primary Brain Tumors | Neoplasms, Intracranial | Benign Neoplasms, Brain | Brain Neoplasm, Primary | Brain Neoplasms, Benign | Brain Neoplasms, Malignant | Brain Tumor, Primary | Brain Tumor Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | |
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